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Incineration is attractive as it's a good method of getting rid of wastes, but unless you're using an incinerator, some material will not be destroyed and instead it will be scattered in air. Many compounds of chromium, especially chromium(VI), are poisonous and carcinogenic. WebSaline solution. The information relates only to the These you can pour down in your garden. For quicker results, alkali bases can be neutralized with any acid, though for practical and economical purposes, acetic acid or citric acid are sufficient. It is used in the production of rayon, as a feed supplement, and as a fertilizer ingredient. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. It may be a better idea just to recover them by distillation, though. Copper and Zinc have specific discharge limits Disposal Considerations Whatever cannot be saved for recovery or recycling should be managed in an appropriate and approved waste disposal facility. Slowly add the base in the diluted acid, and watch out for foaming or, if it's a strong acid, boiling. For safety, you will need to use diluted hydrogen peroxide, meaning that at the end of the neutralization process you will be left with a large volume of water filled with iron precipitate and some organic residues that did not decompose completely, though they're generally not as toxic as their parent compound. Measurement uncertainty 0.0003 mol/L. Green precipitate of copper carbonate forms. To overcome this, you can use a freshwater foot-bath before the chemical foot-bath to get rid of any organic material. Product name Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4) Solution (100 mM) Page 7 / 7 Product No B1003. Section 7: Handling and Absorb with suitable material and containerize for disposal with a RCRA-approved waste disposal facility. Chromium dioxide may be another feasible option, as it is found in cassette tapes and can be recycled with them. However there are many chemicals, such as heavy metal compounds or organic solvents, that require special disposal techniques. While properly neutralized reagents may be poured down the drain, dumping very large amounts of said reagents is frowned upon. Before discarding waste, think about what all it contains, and if there is some way that it could be used. If you live in a suburban house, you have both. The best disposal option is to find a drug take back location, which may be found in retail, hospital, or clinic pharmacies; and/or law enforcement facilities. Salts of hydrochloric, sulfuric, phosphoric acids can be further diluted then safely poured down the drain, or recycled if you want. However, because only small amounts of compound gets neutralized at a time, this process takes a while. Organic solvents should be poured in labeled waste tanks, such as: halogenated, non-halogenated solvents. See Section 13 for disposal information. WebAmount-of-substance concentration 0.0995 - 0.1005 mol/L. Special acids and their salts, such as hydrazoic acid and azides must not be poured directly down the drain, they must be treated with nitrous acid to destroy them. Precipitate copper with hydroxide/phosphate, recycle or safely dispose of; tatrate can be disposed of in any method, Decomposes, releases combustion gasses, leaves behind copper, sodium and potassium carbonate slag, Lanthanides show low toxicity to organisms, Phenanthroline is harmful to environment in high concentration, Decomposes, releases combustion gasses, HF, methyl fluoride, Extremely toxic and deadly to insects and mammals, less so to reptiles and birds, Slowly and carefully added to cold calcium hydroxide solution, Decomposes in moist air releasing hydrogen fluoride, Extremely corrosive and toxic to all organisms, Slowly and carefully added to cold water or crushed ice, followed by neutralization with a base, Decomposes in moist air releasing sulfuric acid and hydrogen fluoride, Yes, but only in some places, like farm land, Gives off carbon monoxide, dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, Gives off carbon monoxide and water vapors, Deadly to insects and aquatic life; reason why it's used to kill varroa, Incineration, done outside; Dilution, followed by addition of base, then neutralization of products, Little information about its environmental impact is available, Non-toxic to environment, nourishment for many organisms, Decomposes releasing acrid smoke, carbon oxides, water vapors and soot, Dilution with a flammable solvent followed by incineration, Burning gives combustion gasses as well as soot, carbon monoxide and various VOCs, Toxic to wildlife; very dangerous for aquatic life, Will decompose to caramel and carbon if heated too long, Will char and release carbon dioxide, water vapors and nitrogen, Will char and release carbon dioxide, water vapors, Incineration; Precipitation with amines (urea, guanidine, etc. It is a good idea to take these to a proper waste disposal facility. Decomposes at high temperatures to yield carbon oxides, water vapors, soot, VOCs, etc. Acidic salts, such as ZINC SULFATE, are generally soluble in water. If you live in an apartment block, you only have the drain. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal. Water soluble. The decomposition is highly exothermic and the resulting smoke is very dangerous. NaOH, Decomposes to release nitrogen/chlorine oxides and oxygen, Aqueous base; percarbonates can also be used to remove nitric oxide; multiple washings may be required, Decomposes, giving off nitrogen oxide and chlorine/HCl fumes, Highly corrosive and toxic to all organisms and materials, Careful addition to crushed ice, followed by neutralization with a diluted base, Deadly and extremely corrosive to all organisms, Diluted and hydrolyzed; Careful and controlled pyrolysis, Any base, hydroxide, carbonate, bicarbonate; percarbonates can also be used, Decomposes, giving off nitrogen oxide fumes, Corrosive to organisms and rocks; salts somewhat toxic to animals, Gentle reduction with various reducing agents, Breaks down to nitrogen and oxygen at high temperatures, Low toxicity to wildlife, may induce light narcotic effects and laughing sensation in some organisms, Mixed with a more flammable solvent, followed by incineration, Safe, occurs naturally in citrus fruit peels, Pyrolysis; diluted and poured down the drain, Decomposes on heating to release carbon oxides and various organic compounds, May pose a threat to wildlife in large amounts, Reduced with hydrogen or another reducing agent, Neutralization with any oxide, hydroxide, carbonate, followed by pyrolysis, Releases carbon oxides and water vapor at high temperature, Toxic to wildlife; Small amounts occur in some plants, Disolving it in large amounts of water, followed by neutralization with any oxide, hydroxide, carbonate, Toxic and corrosive to wildlife and environment, Any compound easily oxidizable that does not ignite, such as carbon monoxide, activated charcoal, Accelerates the decomposition of ozone, but not enough, Dangerous to wildlife, may oxidize various gaseous compounds, contributing to the acid rain; In the upper atmosphere it acts as UV shield, Will burn if ignited, releasing carbon oxides, water vapors and soot, Excess paper is harmful for environment, unless composted first, Wax, both solid and molten, floats on water bodies and may inhibit the cellular breathing of many organisms, Mixed with a flammable solvent and incinerated, Gives off carbon oxides, water vapors, aldehydes, Low toxicity to aquatic life; Classified as biodegradable, Oxidation with Fenton's reagent; Mixed with a flammable solvent and incinerated; Reduction with powdered iron, Gives off carbon oxides, water vapors, soot, Displays relative low toxicity to aquatic life; PETN undergoes safe biodegradation, Flammable, releases carbon oxides, water vapor when burned in air, Bicarbonates, carbonates, bases, oxides; neutralized solution can be safely poured down the drain; valeric salts can also be pyrolyzed in a kiln, Flammable (high concentrations, >86 C), no dangerous combustion products, though the smoke will have a rancid smell, Dangerous for wildlife and aquatic life in large concentrations, Dilution in water, followed by neutralization with a base; iron oxide can be added to decompose hydrogen peroxide; can be poured down the drain afterwards, May explode at high temperatures, at high concentrations, Toxic and corrosive to wildlife, both animals and plants, Neutralization with potassium, calcium bases, followed by reduction with metallic iron under UV light in the absence of air, Leads to decomposition, resulting in manganese dioxide slag, The resulting manganese dioxide from the decomposition can be toxic if ingested by animals, Strong oxidizer, it is dangerous and toxic to small organisms, Oxidation with Fenton's reagent or piranha solution, followed by neutralization and poured down the drain, Gives off carbon oxides, water vapors, soot, VOCs, PAHs, nitrogen, Dangerous to environment, very toxic to aquatic life, Flammable if preheated, gives off carbon dioxide, soot and water vapors, Gives off carbon oxides, water vapors, soot and VOCs, Dilute it with plenty of water before release, Dangerous to environment in large amounts, Not always required, may be strongly diluted and poured down the drain, Breaks down to carbon oxides, water vapors, soot; may give off aromatic vapors, Low toxicity, may occur naturally in small amounts, Oxidation with Fenton's reagent; Incineration, best done with an afterburner, Flammable, burns in air to release carbon oxides, water vapors, soot, VOCs, Toxic to wildlife and very dangerous to aquatic life, as well as soil. Releasing hazardous chemicals in the environment is a crime in all jurisdictions and carries heavy fines or even jail time. NaOH; Oxidation with Fenton's reagent, Burns and decomposes to release combustion gasses and soot, may explode, Extremely toxic to the environment, especially for animals, Careful and controlled destruction using an oxidizing solution, Burns and decomposes to release combustion gasses and soot, Dissolved in a more flammable solvent and incinerated. Breaks down yielding phosphine, phosphorus oxides and nitrogen oxides. The primary hazard is the threat posed to the environment. Chemicals marked as "Oh yes!" in the table below are harmless and even useful in agriculture as fertilizers. However, this merely is a method to prevent the heavy metals from being released in the environment and is not a permanent way of disposal. WebTests showed that a solution made up from equal parts of copper sulfate and sodium chloride (i.e. Many of these compounds catalyze organic reactions. Halogenated compounds like chloroform can be neutralized with a strong base, although this neutralization should not be done without safety precautions. Will lead to extremely dangerous and corrosive fumes, which will decompose, resulting iodine vapors, Corrosive to organisms and rocks; Iodides have little toxicity to wildlife, Diluted solutions will break down harmlessly; Very concentrated solutions may explode if contaminated, Deadly for microbial life, extremely toxic for small animals and aquatic life, Very toxic for animals at high concentrations; Occurs naturally, but at low concentrations, Mixed with a more flammable solvent and safely incinerated; Controlled oxidation with chromic acid, piranha solution, Fenton's reagent, Occurs naturally; toxic and possibly carcinogen in high doses, Mixed with a flammable solvent and incinerated; Diluted in water and poured down the drain, Burns at high temperatures, releasing carbon dioxide, water vapors, acrolein, Little environmental impact from the literature available, Reduction with Zn/HCl; Dilution followed by decomposition with ferrous or ferric salts; Addition of ketone or aldehyde then heated to decompose, Dilution followed by addition of ketone or aldehyde then heated to decompose; Reduction with Zn/HCl, Decomposes releasing HCl and nitrogen oxides, Dilution followed by decomposition with ferrous or ferric salts; Addition of ketone or aldehyde then heated to decompose; Reduction with Zn/HCl, Dilution followed by precipitation of perchlorate with potassium ions, filtration then neutralization of hydroxylamine via addition of ketone or aldehyde, then heated to decompose; Reduction with Zn/HCl, Decomposes releasing nitrogen oxides, nitrogen, HCl, water vapors; explodes at high temperature, Decomposes releasing sulfur and nitrogen oxides, Any reducing agent, such as sodium metabisulfite, bisulfite, sulfite, thiosulfate, Decomposes to chlorine, chloric acid, hydrogen chloride, Very toxic and corrosive to organisms, especially aquatic ones, Decomposes to phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, phosphine, Harmful and corrosive to organisms, especially aquatic ones, Yields carbon oxides, water vapors, leaves ash behind, Low toxicity; silver and copper-based inks may be harmful, Neutralization with potassium, calcium bases, followed by reduction with a suitable reducing agent to iodide; thiosulfate added to remove any free iodine, Decomposes at high temperatures to iodine pentoxide which further decomposes above 300 C to iodine and oxygen, Toxic to wildlife, both animals and plants, Neutralization with a solution sodium thiosulfate, Decomposes above melting point, releasing iodine and oxygen above 300 C, Neutralization with a cooled diluted solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium thiosulfate, Decomposes above melting point, releasing ICl and chlorine, Destruction with aqueous sodium hydroxide, Melts and decomposes near boiling point, releasing iodine, hydrogen iodine fumes, Dangerous to wildlife, especially if ingested; small animals are harmed easily, Gives off hydrogen chloride fumes in air and or moisture, Not always required; Ammonium hydroxide, carbonate/bicarbonate, Breaks down to iron(III) oxide and gives off sulfur dioxide and trioxide fumes, Safe, used in agriculture as iron supplement; May cause algal bloom if released in water bodies, Results in iron(III) oxide in the presence of air, Calcium hydroxide (slaked lime), followed by dilution, Gives off nitrogen oxide fumes, leaving behind iron(III) oxide, Harmful to environment in large and concentrated amounts; Diluted iron nitrate is a good source of iron and nitrogen for plants, Safe, sometimes used in agriculture as iron supplement; May cause algal bloom if released in water bodies, Breaks down into iron(III) oxide and gives off sulfur oxides, Incineration; oxidation with peroxide; both done outside, Decomposes, releasing copious amounts of iron oxide fumes, Flammable, gives off carbon dioxide and water vapor, Photolysis; Hydrolysis with cold sodium hydroxide solution, Neutralization with sodium hydroxide, followed by incineration, Neutralization with any acid; incineration; oxidation with Fenton's reagent, Flammable, burns to release carbon dioxide, water vapors and nitrogen; nitrogen dioxide may also be released, Toxic to all wildlife and especially aquatic life, Controlled oxidation with Fenton's reagent, Occurs naturally; toxic to microorganisms and other plants, Burns in the presence of air, to give off carbon dioxide and water vapors, Dangerous for wildlife and aquatic environment, Immersion underwater to prevent self-ignition, followed by adding a flocculating or a thickening agent to trap the phosphorus inside; resulting mass should be incinerated in a special incinerator, Pyrophoric, releases toxic sulfur dioxide and phosphorus pentoxide fumes, Pyrophoric, toxic and corrosive to the environment, Alkali carbonate or hydroxide; Lead precipitate should be taken to disposal facilities, Results in lead oxides; Yields carbon oxides, water vapors, Extremely toxic to all life, due to the good solubility of lead acetate, Nitrous acid, ammonium acetate, sodium dichromate, Decomposes to lead/lead(II) oxide releasing nitrogen gas and may explode during decomposition, Breaks down to its component oxides at high temperatures, Precipitation with a sulfide, carbonate or oxalate; wastes are to be taken to hazardous waste disposal centers, Breaks down in to lead oxide and releases nitrogen dioxide fumes, Extremely toxic to wildlife due to its good solubility in water, Decomposes around 500-1000 C in air to yield sulfur and lead oxides and lead metal fumes, Occurs naturally; Extremely toxic to the environment and all life, Precipitate with an excess of carbonate, oxalate or a sulfide; waste is to be taken to hazardous waste disposal centers, Results in lead oxide and acetic acid, carbon dioxide, water vapor, Corrosive and very toxic to all organisms, Incineration; oxidation; not always required, Results in carbon dioxide, water vapor, soot, Neutralization with an alkali or carbonate solution; recycling of lithium ions, Corrosive to organisms, will increase the aluminium concentration in soil or water, Neutralization with an alkali or carbonate solution; Slow addition in a large volume of water or alcohol;Recycling of lithium ions, Corrosive to organisms, will increase the boron concentration in soil or water, Hydrated form will give some oxychloride salt, Increases the chloride concentration in soil as well as lithium, Neutralization with a concentrated alkali or carbonate solution, alcohols, long chain alcohols are preferred; best performed in an open area, Any acid, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide; recycling is a good choice, Breaks down to lithium oxide and water vapor, Lithium has little effect to plant life, but will affect the nervous system of animals when ingested in excess, Any reducing agent, such as sodium metabisulfite, bisulfite, sulfite, thiosulfate; Hydrogen peroxide, Corrosive and harmful to organisms, especially aquatic ones, Precipitation; recycling; mixed with a combustible material and ignited, Breaks down to lithium oxide and nitrogen oxides, Nitrate is a source of nitrogen for plants; lithium has little effect to plant life, but will affect the nervous system of animals when ingested in excess, Oxidation with sodium percarbonate, oxygen, ozone to nitrate; Thermal decomposition followed by conversion to lithium carbonate or sulfate, Decomposes to form lithium oxide/hydroxide and releases nitrogen oxides fumes, Unlike nitrates, nitrites are poor source of nitrogen for plants; Lithium may be harmful for the central nervous system; Nitrites are toxic for most animals, Not required; can be poured down the drain, Burns releasing aluminium and magnesium oxides, Not useful; breaks down into magnesium oxide and carbon dioxide at high temperatures, May increase the magnesium and chloride content in the soil significantly, Not always required; any acid can be used, though a weak one is more economical, Decomposes at 350 C to magnesium oxide and releases water vapors, Raises the soil pH; source of magnesium for plants, Not required; an aqueous carbonate solution, like potassium carbonate can be used if necessary, Decomposes above 330 C to give off oxygen and nitrogen oxides, Good source of nitrogen and magnesium for plants (fertilizer); May cause algal bloom in water bodies, Will dehydrate when heated; Gives off sulfur oxides at very high temperature, Maybe be source of food for some organisms, Aqueous solutions or suspensions of base, carbonate, bicarbonate, Breaks down to manganese dioxide and gives off ozone; may explode, Burns organic material on contact, even wet organic material, Precipitated to managnese dioxide; Taken to waste disposal facilities; Dumped in trash, Melts; Releases carbon dioxide and water vapor at high temperatures, Cannot be digested by most organisms, but has no dangerous effects on wildlife, Cooled aqueous solution of diluted sodium hydroxide, added in excess, Safe, biodegradable; Occurs naturally in various plants, like peppermint, Decomposes over 580 C to yield sulfur oxides and mercury vapors, Conversion to cinnabar; Taken to hazardous waste disposal centers, Explodes, giving off carbon oxides, nitrogen gas and hazardous mercury vapors, Decomposes, releasing nitrogen dioxide, oxygen, mercury(II) oxide, mercury vapors, Decomposes over 500 C to yield mercury vapors, Taken to hazardous waste disposal centers; Conversion to cinnabar, Decomposes over 450 C to yield sulfur oxides and mercury vapors. Efflorescent in air. Any drug that contains the word hydromorphone. Safe, biodegradable; Occurs naturally in various plants, like eucalyptus, peppermint, etc. Care must be taken to avoid excess heating with strong bases. Neutralization with any acid, carbon dioxide; recycling; Not useful; highly corrosive when hot to glass, most common metals, Dangerous to wildlife in short term (highly corrosive); Caesium ions have similar toxicity to those of sodium and potassium, Not required; Can be dumped almost anywhere, Sublimes; Oxidation Generates carbon oxides, water vapors, soot, Toxic to small animals, addictive to large organisms; biodegradable; occurs naturally, Decomposes to calcium carbonate and acetone at high temperature, which burns in an oxygen-rich atmosphere, Not useful; breaks down into calcium carbonate and carbon dioxide as the solution is heated, Lots of water in an open space; low chain alcohols, Dangerous to wildlife in short term (reacts with water); may also release phosphine gas if carbide sample is impure, Not useful; breaks down into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide at high temperatures, Not useful; May release some HCl fumes if wet, Chloride ions may be harmful to certain plants, Neutralization with a reducing agent, such as ascorbic acid sodium metabisulfite, sulfite, bisulfite at acidic pH, Cr(VI) ions are powerful carcinogens and very toxic to organisms, Not useful; Sublimes at very high temperatures, Slowly hydrolyzes to urea, which is a good plant fertilizer, Will result in calcium carbonate and give off carbon dioxide and water vapors at high temperatures, Neutralization with a concentrated alkali or carbonate solution, alcohols, long chain alcohols are preferred; water vapor can also be used; best performed in an open area, Decomposes to release hydrogen at very high temperatures, Will dehydrate to calcium oxide at high temperatures, Sodium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium sulfite, Disproportionates into chlorate and chloride; will release chlorine and chlorine dioxide fumes, Not required; soluble carbonate or sulfate solution can be used if necessary, Good source of nitrogen for plants (fertilizer); May cause algal bloom in water bodies, Plenty of cold water, carbon dioxide, sodium/potassium bicarbonate, Mixing it with a combustible material, like sugar and incineration, Will decompose at high temperatures to release oxygen, Not required; can be poured down the drain or dumped in trash, Will decompose at high temperatures to release various ketones, carbon oxides, water vapors, Large quantities are harmful to water bodies and small animals, Not required; soluble carbonate solution can be used if gypsum is not desired as waste product, Becomes anhydrous at high temperatures (drierite); decomposes to calcium oxide at very high temperatures, Anhydrous or hemihydrate form may burn grass on contact, Not required at low concentrations; high concentrations may require an oxidizer, like bleach, Generates irritant smoke, carbon dioxide, soot and water vapor, Harmful for mammals at high concentrations, otherwise relative safe, biodegradable; Occurs naturally, Not possible (gaseous form), safe to pour (water solution), Incineration, followed by scrubbing of sulfur dioxide (optional), Burns in presence of oxygen, releasing carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide, Oxidation with ozone; adsorbtion on activated charcoal; absorbtion in a solution of cuprous chloride in hydrochloric acid or cuprous chloride in ammonia, Not useful; burns in the presence of oxygen and hydrogen, Sodium hydroxide excess; oxidation with Fenton's reagent, Results in phosgene in the presence of air, Extremely toxic to wildlife, sinks at the bottom of water bodies, Toxic to aquatic life in large quantities, Burns in air; decomposes to release carbon oxides, water vapors, Yes, but avoid water bodies; bury it in ground instead, Safe, biodegradable; avoid dumping large amounts, as it poses choking hazard to most animals, Unnecessary, simply dump in trash; recycle, Unless it adsorbed dangerous volatile compounds or heavy metals, it can be used as a fertilizer, Oxidation with hydrogen peroxide to sulfate, followed by precipitation or reduction of copper ions to metal or hydroxide/oxide, Gives off water vapors when heated and sulfur oxides at very high temperatures, Little is known about its environmental effect; it is used as a fungicide and molluscicide, Reducing with sodium sulfite, metabisulfite, bisulfite, Breaks down to perchloric acid and chlorine oxides, Strong oxidizing, toxic and corrosive to all wildlife and everything organic, Reduction with metabisulfite, sulfite or bisulfite, Neutralization with excess sodium hydroxide to sodium glycolate products, Decomposes high temperatures, releasing toxic fumes, Toxic and corrosive to most wildlife, used as herbicide, Neutralization with a cooled solution of sodium or potassium hydroxide, Evaporates and burns at high temperatures, releasing extremely toxic and lachrymator fumes, Reduction with a reducing agent, such as ascorbic acid, metabisulfite, sulfur dioxide, Gives off hydrogen chloride gases and leaves gold powder behind, Dangerous to wildlife; Best to try to recycle it, Neutralization with Fenton's reagent; biodegradation with the bacterium Rhodococcus phenolicus, Gives off hydrogen chloride fumes during burning/pyrolysis, as well as various POCs and soot, Toxic to wildlife; chlorobenzene can persist in soil for several months, in air for about 3.5 days, and in water for less than one day, Reducing with alkali hydroxide or magnesium, followed by incineration, Gives off hydrogen chloride fumes during burning/pyrolysis, Boils to form vapor, should not be attempted indoors, May cause ozone depletion, dangerous to aquatic life, Release outside in atmosphere; Photolysis; Destruction with aqueous sodium hydroxide, oxidation with, May cause ozone depletion, dangerous to land and aquatic life, Reduction to platinum metal, followed by recovery of the precious metal, Breaks down to platinum(II) chloride, then platinum metal, Decomposes to perchloric acid, hydrogen chloride, chlorine dioxide, oxygen, Reducing with a reducing agent, such as sodium metabisulfite, sulfite, bisulfite, ascorbic acid, Precipitation with a base; can be dumped in the trash, taken to a waste disposal facility or recycled, Melts and decomposes at high temperatures, At temperatures ~1000 C it will become inert against the action of most reagents, Low reactivity, low danger for environment, Precipitation with a soluble hydroxide, followed by calcination to chromium(III) oxide, Due to its instability, it poses low danger to environment, Dissolving it in water and reducing with a reducing agent, such as sodium metabisulfite, sulfite, bisulfite, ascorbic acid at acidic pH, A supersaturated solution of a reducing agent, such as sodium sulfite, metabisulfite or thiosulfate at acidic pH, Not useful, boils off and fumes in contact with air moisture, Corrosive and deadly to all wildlife; Lowers soil pH; Corrosive to rocks, soil; Carcinogenic, Any base, carbonate, bicarbonate, alkaline-earth oxide, In wet environment it acts as fungi growth environment, Dumped in trash, incineration, taken to waste disposal centers, Gives off carbon dioxide and water vapors, leaving ash behind, May give off hydrogen chloride fumes in the presence of water, Toxic to wildlife; classified as "Substance of very high concern" in the EU, Any soluble hydroxide, carbonate; Taken to disposal centers, Gives off sulfur oxides fumes and sulfuric acid vapors, leaving behind cobalt oxide residue, Cobalt is necessary for vitamin B12 production, Not always required; can be dumped in trash, Recover copper via reduction; Discard in trash, Decomposes to copper oxide and releases various gasses, High levels of copper are dangerous to wildlife, Reduction with a iron or zinc to metallic copper, Gives off HCl fumes and leaves behind CuO slag, May hydrolyze in the presence of water and air to give off hydrogen chloride fumes, Oxidizes to copper(II) chloride in the presence of air, which is toxic and corrosive in water, Dissolving it in an acid, followed by reduction to metallic copper, Reduction with iron or zinc to metallic copper, which is recycled, Gives off carbon oxides, water, acetic acid and acetone vapors, Unknown effects in the environment; presence of copper ions however is generally considered harmful, Pyrolysis, incineration, oxidation with Fenton's reagent, Gives off carbon oxides and water vapors, as well as soot and VOCs, Not required; can be neutralized with an acid and reduced to metallic copper, Will give off carbon dioxide fumes and leave CuO residues, Copper ions are considered harmful to the environment, Precipitate as carbonate or reduce to copper metal using aluminium, iron or zinc, Loses water and hydrogen chloride, turns brown, Yes, but far from any agricultural plants, Copper ions are considered harmful to most wildlife, Any alkali or ammonium hydroxide, carbonate, Gives off nitrogen oxide and nitric acid fumes, leaving copper oxides/hydroxides slag, Copper ions may be harmful to wildlife; the nitrate group is a nitrogen source for plants, May decompose to copper oxide and phosphorus oxides at high temperatures, or elemental phosphorus in the presence of a reducing agent, Due to low solubility, it has lower toxicity than other copper compounds, Reduction with aluminium, iron or zinc to metallic copper, Loses water when heated, releases sulfur trioxide at high temperatures, leaving behind CuO, Releases carbon oxides and water vapors, as well as soot, Incineration outside; oxidation with an oxidizing solution, Flammable, burns in the presence of oxygen to release carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas, Not required; Any base, carbonate, bicarbonate, alkaline-earth oxide can be used if desired, Oxidation with Fenton's reagent or piranha solution, Considered to be harmful, but little is known about its toxicity, Dilution with a flammable solvent and incineration; oxidation with Fenton's reagent, Flammable, burns in the presence of oxygen to release carbon oxides, water vapors, soot and VOCs, Dilution with a flammable solvent and incineration, Low toxicity to organisms, but may be harmful to wildlife, Ignites at high temperatures and generates carbon oxides, water vapors, carbon monoxide, soot, VOCs, Incineration; Oxidation with Fenton's reagent, Ignites in air, gives off carbon dioxide and water vapors, soot, Dissolved in acid, followed by recovery of copper and zinc, Decomposes to release carbon oxides, water vapors, Toxic to small animals, otherwise relative safe, Burned outside or in an incinerator; hydrolysis in water, Careful dissolving in cold water/crushed ice, followed by neutralization with base; Reduction with metabisulfite, sulfite or bisulfite, Neutralization and dehalogenation with excess sodium hydroxide; Reduction with metallic powders to acetic acid, Destruction with aqueous sodium hydroxide, iron can also be used; Oxidation with, Boils to form vapor; pyrolysis at high temperatures yielding chlorine, hydrochloric acid and carbon monoxide, Extremely flammable, burns to release carbon dioxide, nitrogen gas and lots of heat, Yields carbon oxides, water vapor at high temperatures, Toxic to organisms, dangerous to aquatic and soil life, Incineration (no peroxides); Adding excess ferrous sulfate, sodium bisulfite or metabisulfite to neutralize the peroxides, followed by incineration; If the bottle has peroxides on the cap, do not open it, instead safely detonate it in a remote or special area, Extremely flammable, burns to release carbon dioxide and water vapors, Neutralization with base, bacterial degradation, decarboxylation, taken to waste disposal centers, Decomposes, releases combustion gasses, HF, methylene fluoride, Displays moderate toxicity to most organisms, Incineration (no peroxides); Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis with sulfuric acid; If peroxides are present, addition of excess ferrous sulfate, sodium bisulfite or metabisulfite to neutralize the peroxides, followed by incineration; If the bottle has peroxides on the cap, do not open it, instead safely detonate it in a remote or special area, Incineration; can be released in open air, Addition in large amounts of water or crushed ice, followed by addition of aq.
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